What is Surveying ? | Objective of Surveying | Principle of Surveying | Surveying | Surveying Lecture

Hello Friends, I hope you are doing well please stay calm and stay safe during this pandemic. Today regarding  this blog I have bought an article on the following topics:

• What is Surveying?
• The objective of Surveying.
• Principle of Surveying.

What is Surveying?

According to Dr.k.R Arora Surveying is the science and art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above, or below the surface of the earth.

#Surveying              #Surveying in Geomatics Engineering               #Surveying in Civil Engineering

The objective of Surveying.

1. To determine the relative position of various points on, above, or below the earth's surface.
2. To mark/Layout the position of purposed ground Structures.
3. To determine the area, volume, and other related quantities.

#Surveying              #Objective of Surveying                             #Principle of Surveying

Principle of Surveying:

a.) Working From Whole to Part.

b.) Consistency in work.

c.) The economy of Accuracy

d.) Independent Check

e.) Location of points by measurements from two points of reference.

B.) Working From Whole to Part.

Whether plane or geodetic surveying is to work from whole to part. First of all, you have to set several control points and fix them with the higher order of precision, and based on the number of control points, fix the minor control points. Details can be located by using minor control points by running minor traverse. The idea of working in this way is to prevent the accumulation of errors which otherwise will be extended in greater magnitude if the reverse process is followed.

B.)Consistency on Work:

The relative Standard of the accuracy of the linear and angular measurement should be Consist. Method and Instrument for the same type of survey should be of similar Standard for example while we choose the "Wild T2 Theodolite" to measure the angle then the distance must be measured by the EDM instruments to gain the required accuracy.

C.) The economy of Accuracy:

Standard of accuracy obtained < the specified is useless.

Standard of accuracy obtained > the specified is a waste of time money and effort. 

for example, while doing reconnaissance we have to use a pedometer or abney's level not a theodolite or EDM

D.) Independent Check:

Apply Independent Check where ever is possible, by measuring all angles of the triangle even the third angle of measurement is redundant this has the effect of providing build in quality control. A survey should be conducted so that errors do not pass undetected.

E.) Location of points by measurement from two points of reference.

The main aim of the surveying is to fix the position of unknown points. To fix the position of an unknown point, the survey should be carried out from at least two known points whose position is already fixed in the ground.

Example: Triletration Method, Offsets Method, Traverse Method, Triangulation Method.

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#Surveying in Civil Engineering

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#Objective of Surveying

 #Principle of Surveying